《老实人》是伏尔泰创作的哲理小说代表作，他以轻快的笔触、不动声色的辛辣讽刺将当时社会的众生相展露出来，透过讽喻讥笑宗教信仰、神学家、政府、军队、哲学与哲学家，抨击了莱布尼茨及他的乐观主义。书中的老实人是一位男爵收养的私生子，他最初相信他的老师的乐观主义哲学：在这个世界上，一切事物都是完美的。后来由于爱上男爵的女儿，被赶出了家门，从此他四处漂泊流浪，一路上他遭遇种种的折磨和灾难，终于慢慢认识到社会的残酷和冷漠，开始相信人生应该通过劳动来获得幸福。

《老实人》是法国文学巨匠伏尔泰的著名哲理小说。主人公甘迪德是一位男爵收养的私生子，也是一位实实在在的老实人，最初他相信老师的乐观主义哲学：在这个世界上，一切都是美好的。他爱上了男爵的女儿，结果被赶出了家门，从此四处漂泊流浪。为了寻找自己的心上人，他辗转于多个国度，历尽千辛万苦，尝遍了世态炎凉。磨难之后，他终于认识到社会的残酷和冷漠，开始相信幸福不是天生的，而是只有通过劳动才能获得。这部小书的文字简单明快，如璞玉般未经雕琢，向读者展示了一个深刻的道理：只有劳动才能抵御战争时代灾难、疾病的侵袭，也只有劳动才能对抗平安岁月无聊、空虚的吞噬。

《老实人》一经出版，很快成为当时欧洲最受关注文学作品，至今被译成世界上几十种文字，曾经先后多次被改编成电影、电视和卡通片。书中所展现的神奇故事伴随了一代又一代人的美丽童年、少年直至成年。无论作为语言学习的课本，还是作为通俗的文学读本，本书对当代中国的青少年都将产生积极的影响。为了使读者能够了解英文故事概况，进而提高阅读速度和阅读水平，在每章的开始部分增加了中文导读。

一、甘迪德怎样在一个富丽的爵士宅邸长大，后来怎样被逐

How Candide Was Brought Up in a Magnificent Castle and How He Was Driven Thence 1

二、甘迪德出府后在保加利亚人那里得到的经验

What Befell Candide among the Bulgarians 10

三、甘迪德如何从保加利亚人那逃走，以及后来的情形

How Candide Escaped from the Bulgarians and What Befell Him Afterward 20

四、甘迪德怎样寻到潘格罗斯，以及之后的际遇

How Candide Found His Old Master Pangloss Again and What Happened to Him 28

五、飓风、破船、地震以及潘格罗斯博士、甘迪德的际遇

A Tempest, a Shipwreck, an Earthquake, and What Else Befell Dr. Pangloss, Candide, and James, the Anabaptist 40

六、葡萄牙人举行了一个“异端审判”来防止震灾，甘迪德当着大家的面吃鞭子

How the Portuguese Made a Superb Auto-De- Fe to Prevent Any Future Earthquakes, and How Candide Underwent Public Flagellation 50

七、老妇人如何调理甘迪德，以及他如何见到自己的情人

How the Old Woman Took Care of Candide, and How He Found the Object of His Love 56

八、莒妮宫德的经历

Cunegund’ S Story 65

九、莒妮宫德，甘迪德，大法官以及犹太人的下落

What Happened to Cunegund, Candide, the Grand Inquisitor, and the Jew 75

十、甘迪德，莒妮宫德，老妇人到加迪斯的狼狈情形和上船的情形

In What Distress Candide, Cunegund, and the Old Woman Arrive at Cadiz, and of Their Embarkation 82

十一、老妇的历史

The History of the Old Woman 90

十二、老妇继续说她的故事

The Adventures of the Old Woman Continued 101

十三、甘迪德怎样被逼着离开了莒妮宫德和老妇人

How Candide Was Obliged to Leave the Fair Cunegund and the Old Woman 114

十四、甘迪德和卡肯波到巴拉圭的故事

The Reception Candide and Cacambo Met with among the Jesuits in Paraguay 123

十五、甘迪德如何杀死莒妮宫德的哥哥

How Candide Killed the Brother of His Dear Cunegund 135

十六、主仆二人和两个女子、两只猴子、一群土人的故事

What Happened to Our Two Travelers with Two Girls, Two Monkeys, and the Savages, Called Oreillons 143

十七、主仆二人来到埃尔多拉多以及在那儿遇到的事情

Candide and His Valet Arrive in the Country of El Dorado—What They Saw There 156

十八、他们在“黄金乡”遇到的事情

What They Saw in the Country of El Dorado 169

十九、他们在苏里南的故事，以及甘迪德如何遇上了马丁

What Happened to Them at Surinam, and How Candide Became Acquainted with Martin 187

二十、甘迪德和马丁在海上的事情

What Befell Candide and Martin on Their Passage 204

二十一、甘迪德和马丁到了法国海岸

Candide and Martin, While Thus Reasoning with Each Other, Draw Near to the Coast of France 213

二十二、他们在法国的事情

What Happened to Candide and Martin in France 220

二十三、甘迪德和马丁在英国看到的情形

Candide and Martin Touch upon the English Coast—What They See There 254

二十四、帕克奎特和修道士杰罗佛力

Of Pacquette and Friar Giroflee 260

二十五、他们去拜会一个威尼斯的贵族

Candide and Martin Pay a Visit to Senator Pococurante, a Noble Venetian 276

二十六、甘迪德和马丁同六个陌生人吃完，后来发现了他们是谁

Candide and Martin Sup with Six Sharpers—Who They Were 294

二十七、甘迪德坐船到君士坦丁堡

Candide’ s Voyage to Constantinople 306

二十八、此回是潘格罗斯和小爵爷讲他们的遭遇

What Befell Candide, Cunegund, Pangloss, Martin, etc. 319

二十九、甘迪德又寻回了莒妮宫德和老妇人

What Manner Candide Found Miss Cunegund and the Old Woman Again 328

三十、结局

Conclusion 334

一、甘迪德怎样在一个富丽的爵士宅邸长大，后来怎样被逐

How Candide Was Brought Up in a Magnificent Castle and How He Was D riven Thence

在威士法利亚地方的爵士宅邸里，住着一位清秀的少年，他有着正确的判断力和理性，因此我想他的名字叫做甘迪德。这家主人是顶有威权的一个贵族，他的女儿莒妮宫德才十七岁，长得娇妍柔美，讨人喜爱；他的儿子也十分出众。管教堂的潘格罗斯则是府里的圣人，甘迪德从小跟着他读书。

一天，莒妮宫德在府外散步，在花园的小林子里，却无意间发现潘格罗斯正在教授自然哲学的课程，这回学生是个下女。莒妮宫德屏息偷看他们的试验，心里异常地混乱，却不由得想到了甘迪德。

在门口，她遇见了甘迪德，两人的脸不知怎的都红了。等到吃毕晚饭，两人又在帏屏背后遇见了，莒妮宫德不经意碰到了他的手，年轻人也不经意亲了这位年轻姑娘，他们的眼神发亮了，腿摇动了，手也不知放在哪里才好了。

这时，男爵恰好经过帏屏，他顿时勃然大怒，立刻就把甘迪德轰出了宅邸。

In the country of Westphalia, in the castle of the most noble Baron of Thunder-ten-tronckh, lived a youth whom nature had endowed with a most sweet disposition. His face was the true index of his mind.He had a solid judgment joined to the most unaffected simplicity, and hence, I presume, he had his name of Candide. The old servants of the house suspected him to have been the son of the Baron's sister, by a very good sort of a gentleman of the neighborhood, whom that young lady refused to marry, because he could produce no more than threescore and eleven quarterings in his arms; the rest of the genealogical tree belonging to the family having been lost through the injuries of time.

The Baron was one of the most powerful lords in Westphalia, for his castle had not only a gate, but even windows, and his great hail was hung with tapestry. He used to hunt with his mastiffs and spaniels instead of greyhounds; his groom served him for huntsman; and the parson of the parish officiated as his grand almoner. He was called "My Lord" by all his people, and he never told a story but everyone laughed at it.

My Lady Baroness, who weighed three hundred and fifty pounds, consequently was a person of no small consideration; and then she did the honors of the house with a dignity that commanded universal respect. Her daughter was about seventeen years of age, fresh-colored, comely, plump, and desirable. The Baron's son seemed to be a youth in every respect worthy of the father he sprung from. Pangloss, the preceptor, was the oracle of the family, and little Candide listened to his instructions with all the simplicity natural to his age and disposition.

Master Pangloss taught the metaphysico-theologo-cosmolonigology. He could prove to admiration that there is no effect without a cause; and,that in this best of all possible worlds, the Baron's castle was the most magnificent of all castles, and My Lady the best of all possible baronesses.

"It is demonstrable," said he, "that things cannot be otherwise than as they are; for as all things have been created for some end, they must necessarily be created for the best end. Observe, for instance, the nose is formed for spectacles, therefore we wear spectacles. The legs are visibly designed, for stockings, accordingly we wear stockings. Stones were made to_ be hewn and to construct castles,therefore My Lord has a magnificent castle; for the greatest baron in the province ought to be the best lodged....and they, who assert that everything is right,do not express themselves correctly; they should say that everything is best."

Candide listened attentively and believed implicitly, for he thought Miss Cunegund excessively,handsome, though he never had the courage to tell her so He concluded that next to the happiness of being Baron of Thunder-ten-tronckh, the next was that of being Miss Cunegund, the next that of seeing her every day, and the last that of hearing the doctrine of Master Pangloss, the greatest philosopher of the whole province, and consequently of the whole world.

One day when Miss Cunegund went to take a walk in a little neighboring wood which was called a park; she saw, through the bushes, the sage Doctor Pangloss giving a lecture in experimental philosophy to her m other.'s chambermaid, a little brown wench,very pretty, and very tractable. As Miss Cunegund had a great disposition for the .sciences, she observed with the utmost attention the experiments which were repeated before her eyes;she perfectly well understood the force of the doctor's reasoning upon causes and effects, She retired greatly flurried, quite pensive and filled with ,the desire of knowledge,imagining that she might be a sufficing reason for young Candide, and he for her.

On her way back she happened to meet the young man; she blushed, he blushed also; she wished him a good morning in a flattering tone, he returned the salute, without knowing what he said. The next day, as they were rising from dinner, Cunegund and Candide slipped behind the screen. The miss drooped her handkerchief; the young man picked it up. She innocently took hold of his hand, and he as innocently kissed hers with warmth, a sensibility, a grace-all very particular; their lips met; their eyes sparkled; their knees trembled; their hands strayed.The Baron chanced to come by; he beheld the cause and effect, and, without hesitation, saluted Candide with some notable kicks on the breech and drove him out of doors. The lovely Miss Cunegund fainted away,and, as soon as she came to herself, the Baroness boxed her ears. Thus a general consternation was spread over this most magnificent and most agreeable of all possible castles.

P1-9

伏尔泰（Voltaire，1694－1778），法国启蒙思想家、文学家、哲学家，是18世纪法国资产阶级启蒙运动的旗手，被誉为“法兰西思想之王”、“法兰西最优秀的诗人”、“欧洲的良心”。

1694年11月21日，伏尔泰出生在巴黎一个富裕的中产阶级家庭，他自小受过良好的教育。他的父亲是法律公证人，希望伏尔泰将来做个法官，但他却对文学感兴趣，并在日后成为法国历史上最伟大的思想家与文学家。

伏尔泰才思敏捷，多才多艺。他的作品以尖刻的语言和讽刺的笔调而闻名。他说：“笑，可以战胜一切。这是最有力的武器。”他曾因辛辣地讽刺封建专制主义而两度被投入巴士底狱。他的书被列为禁书，他本人多次被逐出国门。1725年他被迫流亡英国，对英国资产阶级的政治、文化发生了浓厚的兴趣。他研究英国的资产阶级君主立宪制，研究英国著名思想家洛克的唯物主义经验论和物理学家牛顿的万有引力理论。伏尔泰经历了路易十四、路易十五、路易十六三个封建王朝的统治，目睹了封建专制主义由盛转衰，亦亲身感受到了封建专制主义统治的腐朽和反动。他深刻地预见到革命必然到来，他对朋友说：“我周围发生的一切事情，正在撒下革命的种子，尽管我自己未必成为革命的见证人，但它是必然要到来的。” 1778年5月30日，伏尔泰与世长辞。反动教会对这位亵渎宗教的宿敌恨之入骨，下令连夜将他的尸体运出巴黎，弃之荒冢。1791年，法国大革命爆发，他的遗体被迁葬在法国著名的巴黎先贤祠，并补行国葬，墓在卢梭的旁边，他的心脏，被装进一只盒子，存放在巴黎国家图书馆。

伏尔泰写过大量文学作品，其中著名的有史诗《亨利亚德》《奥尔良少女》，悲剧《欧第伯》、喜剧《放荡的儿子》，哲理小说《老实人》《天真汉》。他又写过不少历史著作，如《路易十四时代》《论各民族的风俗与精神》等。在哲学方面，他的代表作有《哲学辞典》《形而上学论》《牛顿哲学原理》等著作，其中最有影响的一本书是《哲学通信》，被人称为“投向旧制度的第一颗炸弹”。

在伏尔泰的众多作品中，哲理小说《老实人》是其中的杰出代表，该作品于1759年首次在巴黎出版，一经问世便举世轰动。迄今为止，在故事的机智幽默、揭示人类愚昧与残酷方面，还很少有作品能比得上《老实人》。两个多世纪以来，《老实人》已被译成数十种文字，风靡世界；由小说改编的话剧、歌剧等的演出经久不衰。在中国，《老实人》是读者最熟悉、最喜爱的外国文学名著之一。时至今日，这部被世界公认的文学名著仍然散发着永恒的魅力。基于以上原因，我们决定编译《老实人》，并采用中文导读英文版的形式出版。在中文导读中，我们尽力使其贴近原作的精髓，也尽可能保留原作的故事主线。我们希望能够编出为当代中国读者所喜爱的经典读本。读者在阅读英文故事之前，可以先阅读中文导读，这样有利于了解故事背景，从而加快阅读速度。同时，为了读者更好地理解故事内容，书中加入了大量插图。我们相信，该经典著作的引进对加强当代中国读者，特别是青少年读者的人文修养是非常有帮助的。

本书是中文导读英文名著系列丛书中的一种，编写本系列丛书的另一个主要目的就是为准备参加英语国家留学考试的学生提供学习素材。对于留学考试，无论是SSAT、SAT，还是TOEFL、GRE，要取得好的成绩，就必须了解西方的社会、历史、文化、生活等方面的背景知识，而阅读西方原版名著是了解这些知识最重要的手段之一。

作为专门从事英语考试培训、留学规划和留学申请指导的教育机构，啄木鸟教育支持编写的这套中文导读英文原版名著系列图书，可以使读者在欣赏世界原版名著的同时，了解西方的历史、文化、传统、价值观等，并提高英语阅读速度、阅读水平和写作能力，从而在TOEFL、雅思、SSAT、SAT、GRE、GMAT等考试中取得好的成绩，进而帮助读者成功申请到更好的国外学校。

本书中文导读内容由刘紫依编译。参加本书故事素材搜集整理及编译工作的还有王勋、纪飞、郑佳、刘乃亚、赵雪、熊金玉、李丽秀、李智能、李鑫、熊红华、傅颖、乐贵明、王婷婷、熊志勇、聂利生、傅建平、蔡红昌、孟宪行、胡国平、李晓红、胡武荣、贡东兴、张镇、熊建国、张文绮、王多多、陈楠、彭勇、邵舒丽、黄福成、冯洁、王晓旭、王业伟、龚桂平、徐鑫、周丽萍、曹隽、徐平国、肖洁、王小红等。限于我们的科学、人文素养和英语水平，书中难免会有不当之处，衷心希望读者朋友批评指正。

啄木鸟教育（www.zmnedu.com）

2014年1月